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Illuminance and Luminance Design Values

The table below contains the recommended illuminance and luminance values for continuous lighting of roadways based on roadway type and general land use. Either the illuminance method, the luminance method, or both methods may be used to specify the light levels for the roadway.

Illuminance and Luminance Design Values

Roadway and Walkway Classification (4)

Area Classifications

Illuminance Method

Luminance Method

Additional Values

(both methods)

Average Maintained Illuminance (Eavg)

Minimum Illuminance Emin

Illuminance Uniformity Ratio

Eavg/Emin

Average Maintained Luminance

Veiling Luminance Ratio

R2

Lavg

Uniformity

General Land Use

(foot-candles) (min)

(foot-candles)

avg/min (max)(3)

cd/m2 (min)

Lavg/Lmin (max)

Lmax/Lmin (max)

Lv(max)/Lavg(max)(2)

Interstate and other freeways

Commercial

0.6 to 1.1

0.2

3:1 or 4:1

0.4 to 1.0

3.5:1

6:1

0.3:1

Intermediate

0.6 to 0.9

0.2

3:1 or 4:1

0.4 to 0.8

3.5:1

6:1

0.3:1

Residential

0.6 to 0.8

0.2

3:1 or 4:1

0.4 to 0.6

3.5:1

6:1

0.3:1

Other Principal Arterials

(partial or no control of access)

Commercial

1.6

As

uniformity ratio allows

3:1

1.2

3:1

5:1

0.3:1

Intermediate

1.2

3:1

0.9

3:1

5:1

0.3:1

Residential

0.8

3:1

0.6

3.5:1

6:1

0.3:1

Minor Arterials

Commercial

1.4

4:1

1.2

3:1

5:1

0.3:1

Intermediate

1.0

4:1

0.9

3:1

5:1

0.3:1

Residential

0.7

4:1

0.6

3.5:1

6:1

0.3:1

Collectors

Commercial

1.1

4:1

0.8

3:1

5:1

0.4:1

Intermediate

0.8

4:1

0.6

3.5:1

6:1

0.4:1

Residential

0.6

4:1

0.4

4:1

8:1

0.4:1

Local

Commercial

0.8

6:1

0.6

6:1

10:1

0.4:1

Intermediate

0.7

6:1

0.5

6:1

10:1

0.4:1

Residential

0.4

6:1

0.3

6:1

10:1

0.4:1

Alleys

Commercial

0.6

6:1

0.4

6:1

10:1

0.4:1

Intermediate

0.4

6:1

0.3

6:1

10:1

0.4:1

Residential

0.3

6:1

0.2

6:1

10:1

0.4:1

Sidewalks

Commercial

1.3

3:1

Use illuminance requirements

Intermediate

0.8

4:1

Residential

0.4

6:1

Pedestrian Ways and Bicycle Ways(1)

All

2.0

3:1

Notes:

  • Meet either the Illuminance design method requirements or the Luminance design method requirements and meet veiling luminance requirements for both the Illuminance and Luminance design methods.
  • There may be situations when a higher level of illuminance or luminance is justified. The higher values for freeways may be justified when deemed advantageous by the agency to mitigate off-road sources.
  • Physical roadway conditions may require adjustment of spacing determined from base levels of illuminance or luminance indicated above.

 

  1. Assumes a separate facility. For Pedestrian Ways and Bicycle Ways adjacent to roadway, use roadway design values. Use R3 requirements for walkway/bikeway surface materials other than pavement types shown. Other design guidelines such as IESNA or CIE may be used for pedestrian ways and bikeways when deemed appropriate.
  2. Lv(max) refers to the maximum point along the pavement, not the maximum in lamp life. The Maintenance Factor applies to both the Lv term and the Lavg term.
  3. Higher uniformity ratios are acceptable for elevated ramps near high-mast poles.
  4. See AASHTO publication entitled “A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets” for roadway and walkway classifications.

Definitions for Illuminance and Luminance Design Values Table
Commercial : That portion of a municipality in a business development where ordinarily there are large numbers of pedestrians and a heavy demand for parking space during periods of peak traffic or a sustained high pedestrian volume and a continuously heavy demand for off-street parking space during business hours. This definition applies to densely developed business areas outside of, as well as those that are within, the central part of a municipality.

Intermediate. That portion of a municipality which is outside of a downtown area but generally within the zone of influence of a business or industrial development, often characterized by moderately heavy nighttime pedestrian traffic and a somewhat lower parking turnover than is found in a commercial area. This definition includes densely developed apartment areas, hospitals, public libraries, and neighborhood recreational centers.

Residential. A residential development, or a mixture of residential and commercial establishments, characterized by few pedestrians and a low parking demand or turnover at night. This definition includes areas with single family homes, townhouses, and/or small apartments. Regional parks, cemeteries, and vacant lands are also included.

Principal Arterial. A roadway with high mobility and limited access. Principal arterials include freeways with full control of access and divided highways with partial control of access.

Minor Arterial. A roadway with moderate mobility and limited access. Minor arterials interconnect principal arterials and primarily serve through traffic.

Collector. A roadway with moderate mobility and moderate access. Collectors connect local roads to arterials.

Local. A roadway with high access and limited mobility. Local streets permit access to abutting land.

Illumination for Intersections

The recommended lighting levels for intersections of continuously lit roadways are in the table below. They are based on the functional classifications of the intersecting roadways and level of pedestrian use. The values are taken from Table 8 in ANSI/IES RP-8-14, Roadway Lighting.

The functional classifications of roadways are based on the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) Guidelines for Residential Subdivision Street Design:

  • Major - over 3,500 average daily traffic (ADT)
  • Collector - 1,500 to 3,500 ADT
  • Local - 100 to 1,500 ADT
Illumination for Intersections

Functional Classification

 

Average Maintained Illumination at Pavement by Pedestrian Area Classification in fc

 

Uniformity

Eavg/Emin

 

High

Medium

Low

Major/Major

3.4

2.6

1.8

3.0

Major/Collector

2.9

2.2

1.5

3.0

Major/Local

2.6

2.0

1.3

3.0

Collector/Collector

2.4

1.8

1.5

4.0

Collector/Local

2.1

1.6

1.0

4.0

Local/Local

1.8

1.4

0.8

6.0

Lighting of Isolated Intersections and Interchanges

The recommended lighting levels for isolated intersections, interchanges, and railroad crossings are shown in the table below. These values are based on Table 9 from ANSI/IES RP-8-14, Roadway Lighting. For roadway intersections and interchanges, the road classification with the highest light level should be used. Roadway classifications in this table are defined the same as in the Illuminance and Luminance Design Values table displayed earlier in this section.

Illumination of Isolated Intersections

Road Classification

Average Illuminance

fc

Uniformity Ratio

Eavg/Emin

Arterial

0.9

3.0

Collector

0.6

4.0

Local

0.4

6.0

Pedestrian Areas

Lighting for pedestrian areas should be designed using both horizontal and vertical illuminance. Horizontal illuminance levels help the pedestrian to see the walkway. Vertical illuminance levels help the pedestrian to see and recognize other pedestrians in the walkway. The table below contains the recommended values for pedestrian areas. The table is based on Tables 4, 5, 6, and 7 from ANSI/IES RP-8-14, Roadway Lighting. The area classifications for the table below are defined as follows:

  • High Pedestrian Conflict Area - Commercial areas in urban environments with high nighttime pedestrian activity.
  • Medium Pedestrian Conflict Area - Areas with moderate night pedestrian activities near community facilities such as libraries and recreation centers.
  • Low Pedestrian Conflict Area - Residential areas.
  • Pedestrian Portion of Pedestrian/Vehicular Underpass - Pedestrian areas such as sidewalks alongside a vehicle underpass, or underpasses designed for pedestrians only.
Illumination for Pedestrian Areas

Maintained Illuminance Values for Walkways

Area Classification

Description

E avg (fc)

EV min (fc)

E avg/Emin*

High Pedestrian Conflict

Areas

Mixed Vehicle and Pedestrian

2.0

1.0

4.0

Pedestrian Only

1.0

0.5

4.0

Medium Pedestrian

Conflict Areas

Pedestrian Areas

0.5

0.2

4.0

Low Pedestrian

Conflict Areas

Rural/Semi-Rural Areas

0.2

0.06

10.0

Low Density Residential (2 or fewer dwelling units per acre)

0.3

0.08

6.0

Medium Density Residential (2.1 to 6.0 dwelling units per acre)

0.4

0.1

4.0

Pedestrian Portion of Pedestrian/Vehicular Underpasses

Day

10.0

5.0

4.0

Night

4.0

2.0

3.0

 

if our client doesn't have a detail requirement for street lighting project, normally, we recommend the wattage & pole height as belows:

30W-40W led street light,  pole height: 3-5M

50W-70W Led street light, pole height: 4-6M

100W-120W led street light, pole height: 6-8M

150W-200W led street light, pole height 8-12M

240W-300W Led street ilght, pole height: 14-20M

if they offer a detail requirement, our engineer will make Dialux simulation according to their information, to choose the exact led lamp. 

 

 

 

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The table below contains the recommended illuminance and luminance values for continuous lighting of roadways based on roadway type and general land use. Either the illuminance method, the luminance method, or both methods may be used to specify the light levels for the roadway.

Roadway lighting Standard and the illuminance requirement

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